Diamond Clarity Scale: Every GIA Grade Explained and How to Choose the Right One
The diamond clarity scale has 11 grades, grouped into six categories. It ranges from Flawless (FL), which has no visible flaws even under magnification, to Included (I3), which has noticeable imperfections. GIA introduced this scale in 1953, and diamonds are graded using 10× magnification.
Many people think they should buy the highest clarity grade they can afford. But that’s not always the best choice. The clarity scale is designed for experts examining diamonds up close, not for someone looking at a ring on their finger.
A diamond’s grade tells you how many imperfections it has under magnification, but it doesn’t necessarily tell you whether you can see them with the naked eye. That’s why spending more on a higher clarity grade isn’t always worth it.
In this guide, we’ll explain what each clarity grade means, how diamonds are graded, why two diamonds with the same grade can look different, and how to choose the right clarity for your diamond.

The Diamond Clarity Scale at a Glance
Diamond clarity grades show how many flaws a diamond has and how easy they are to find under 10× magnification. The diamond clarity scale ranges from FL (Flawless), the highest grade, to I3 (Included), the lowest.
When a grade has a number, 1 is better than 2 or 3. For example, VVS1 is better than VVS2, and SI1 is better than SI2.
|
Category |
Grades |
What it means |
|
Flawless |
FL |
No flaws inside or on the surface |
|
Internally Flawless |
IF |
No flaws inside, but tiny surface marks may be present |
|
Very, Very Slightly Included |
VVS1, VVS2 |
Tiny flaws that are very difficult to find, even under magnification |
|
Very Slightly Included |
VS1, VS2 |
Small flaws that are difficult to spot |
|
Slightly Included |
SI1, SI2 |
Flaws that are easier to see under magnification |
|
Included |
I1, I2, I3 |
Obvious flaws that may affect how the diamond looks or how much light passes through it |
These grades follow the standards used by the Gemological Institute of America (GIA). The clarity scale was created to give jewelers around the world a common way to describe diamond flaws.
Before this system, terms like “loupe clean” could mean different things to different people. Today, a VS2 diamond should meet the same grading standards whether it is assessed in New York or Tokyo.
What the Diamond Clarity Scale Grades: Inclusions and Blemishes
Most diamonds have some flaws. These flaws fall into two main types: inclusions, which are inside the diamond, and blemishes, which are found on its surface. GIA calls both of these clarity characteristics.
Knowing the difference between inclusions and blemishes matters when grading a diamond. A Flawless (FL) diamond has no inclusions or blemishes under 10× magnification. An Internally Flawless (IF) diamond has no internal flaws, but it may have tiny marks on the surface. Here are some common diamond flaws and what to look for:
|
Type of flaw |
What it means |
What to look for |
|
Crystal |
A tiny mineral trapped inside the diamond |
Dark crystals near the center are easier to notice than light ones near the edge |
|
Pinpoint / Cloud |
A tiny dot or a group of tiny dots |
Lots of dots together can make the diamond look slightly cloudy |
|
Needle |
A thin, needle-shaped mark inside the diamond |
How long it is and how easily it stands out |
|
Feather |
A small crack inside the diamond |
Its size and how close it is to the edge |
|
Knot / Cavity |
A crystal or small opening that reaches the surface |
Check its size and location carefully |
|
Laser Drill Hole |
A tiny hole created during a treatment to improve the diamond's appearance |
Check the diamond's grading report for details about the treatment |
You don't need to memorize every type of flaw. The main thing to remember is that a flaw's size, color, and location can matter just as much as the clarity grade. Two diamonds with the same grade can look very different.
How a Diamond Gets Its Clarity Grade
A diamond's clarity grade isn't decided based on counting its flaws. Instead, a grader looks at five things to decide how clear the diamond is. These include the size, number, position, type, and visibility of its flaws.
|
Factor |
What the grader checks |
Why it matters |
|
Size |
How big are the flaws? |
Bigger flaws are usually easier to see |
|
Number |
How many flaws are there? |
More noticeable flaws can lower the grade |
|
Position |
Where are the flaws located? |
Flaws near the center are often easier to notice than those near the edge |
|
Type |
What kind of flaws are they? |
Some flaws can affect the diamond more than others |
|
Visibility |
How much do the flaws stand out? |
Dark or obvious flaws are easier to see and may lower the grade |
The flaws that have the biggest impact on a diamond's clarity grade are called grade setters. These are the characteristics that most influence the final grade.
For example, a diamond with two dark, easy-to-see flaws may receive a lower grade than one with several tiny, hard-to-see flaws. To keep grading consistent, graders examine diamonds under 10× magnification using special lighting.
Remember that a clarity grade tells you how noticeable a diamond's flaws are to an expert under magnification. It doesn't tell you exactly where those flaws are or whether you'll notice them when wearing the diamond.
Diamond Clarity Grades Explained, Step by Step
- FL and IF (Flawless and Internally Flawless): FL and IF are the highest clarity grades and are rare. FL diamonds have no flaws inside or on the surface, while IF diamonds may have tiny marks on the surface but no internal flaws.
- VVS1 and VVS2 (Very, Very Slightly Included): These diamonds have tiny flaws that are extremely difficult to spot, even under magnification. You usually don't need to worry about seeing these flaws with the naked eye.
- VS1 and VS2 (Very Slightly Included): These diamonds have small flaws that are difficult to see under magnification. Many look completely clean to the naked eye. VS1 and VS2 diamonds offer a good balance between appearance and price.
- SI1 and SI2 (Slightly Included): These diamonds have flaws that are easier to spot under magnification. Some SI1 diamonds look completely clean to the naked eye, while others have visible flaws. SI2 diamonds are more likely to show flaws without magnification.
- I1, I2 and I3 (Included): These diamonds have flaws that are easy to spot under magnification and may also be visible to the naked eye. I1 diamonds may work for buyers on a tight budget, but I2 and I3 diamonds are more likely to have noticeable problems.
However, you don't always need the highest clarity grade to get a beautiful diamond. Many VS1, VS2, and some SI1 diamonds can look just as clean to the naked eye as more expensive stones. The key is to find a diamond that looks good to you without paying extra for clarity you may never notice.
Why Two Diamonds With the Same Grade Can Look Different
Two diamonds can have the same clarity grade but look completely different. That's because of the size, color, and location of their flaws. Here are three examples of SI1 diamonds:
-
Stone A: Has a tiny, light-colored flaw near the edge of the diamond. Once the diamond is set in a ring, the prong may cover it, making the flaw hard to notice.
-
Stone B: Has a similar-sized flaw, but it's dark and sits right in the center of the diamond. This makes it much easier to see.
-
Stone C: Has lots of tiny dots grouped in one area. Instead of seeing one clear flaw, the diamond may look slightly cloudy.
All three diamonds have the same SI1 grade, but they can look very different when worn in the jewelry. That is why you don't choose a diamond based on its clarity grade alone. Check where the flaws are, and read the grading report.
How Diamond Shape and Size Affect Clarity
A diamond's shape and size can affect how easily you see its flaws. Some shapes hide flaws better than others, while larger diamonds can make flaws easier to spot.
For example, emerald and Asscher cuts have large, open surfaces that make flaws easier to see. Round diamonds have more small facets that can help hide some flaws. Here's a simple guide to choosing a diamond clarity based on its shape:
|
Diamond shape |
How flaws appear |
Clarity grades to consider |
|
Emerald and Asscher |
Flaws are easier to see because of their large, open facets |
VS1–VS2 |
|
Round brilliant |
Small facets can help hide some flaws |
VS2–SI1 |
|
Oval, pear, marquise, cushion and radiant |
Flaws can be more or less noticeable depending on their location and the cut |
VS2–SI1 |
-
Disclaimer: These are general recommendations, not predecided rules. Always check the actual diamond before buying.
Size of the diamond matters, too: A flaw that's hard to notice in a small diamond may be easier to see in a larger one. That's why bigger diamonds need extra attention when checking clarity.
For shapes like marquise and pear, pay close attention to flaws near the pointed ends, as flaws in those areas can affect the diamond's appearance and durability.
How Clarity Affects Diamond Price and the Other 4Cs
Diamonds with fewer flaws are rarer, which makes them more expensive. The higher the clarity grade, the more you may have to pay.
But a higher clarity grade doesn't always mean a diamond will look better to the naked eye. You could pay much more for a diamond that looks almost identical to a less expensive one. So, how should you spend your money when buying a diamond?
-
Choose a good cut first: The cut affects how well the diamond reflects light and how much it sparkles.
-
Find the right clarity grade: Look for a diamond that appears clean to the naked eye, rather than choosing the highest grade.
-
Consider color: Decide how white you want the diamond to look and whether a lower color grade would still suit your preferences.
-
Choose your carat weight: Once you're happy with the cut, clarity, and color, use your remaining budget to decide how big you want the diamond to be.
How to Read the Clarity Section of a Diamond Grading Report
A diamond grading report tells you its clarity grade and provides details about its flaws. Here's what to check:
-
Find the clarity grade: Look for the grade listed in the report, such as VS1, VS2, or SI1.
-
Check the diamond diagram: The diagram shows where the flaws are located inside or on the surface of the diamond. In GIA reports, red marks usually show internal flaws, while green marks show surface features.
-
Read the comments: The report may mention flaws that aren't shown on the diagram. For example, if it mentions clouds that aren't shown on the plot, ask the seller for clear photos or videos before buying.
-
Check which laboratory graded the diamond: Different laboratories may use different grading systems. When comparing diamonds, it's best to compare reports from the same laboratory where possible.
Clarity-Enhanced Diamonds
Some diamonds are treated to make their flaws less noticeable. These are called clarity-enhanced diamonds. Two common treatments for clarity enhancement are laser drilling and fracture filling.
-
Laser drilling: A tiny channel is created in the diamond to reach an internal flaw. The hole remains in the diamond and should be noted in the grading report.
-
Fracture filling: A special glass-like material is used to fill a small crack, making it harder to see.
These treatments can improve a diamond's appearance, but there are important points about enhancement treatment to understand before buying the diamond.
Fracture filling is not permanent and can be damaged by heat or certain cleaning methods. This can happen during jewelry repairs, resizing, or ultrasonic cleaning. GIA does not issue its standard full grading report for fracture-filled diamonds because the treatment can change over time. So, before purchasing, ask the seller:
-
Has the diamond been treated to improve its clarity?
-
What type of treatment was used?
-
Has the diamond been graded before or after treatment?
Ask for the answers in writing so you have a clear record of the diamond's condition.
Clarity in Lab-Grown Diamonds
Lab-grown diamonds are graded for clarity in the same way as natural diamonds. However, the clarity grade doesn’t mean the same thing as rarity. A lab-grown diamond and a natural diamond can have the same clarity grade, but that doesn’t mean they are equally rare. To learn more, read our guide about lab vs. natural diamond.
