Is a Lab-Grown Diamond a Real Diamond?
Yes. Lab-grown diamonds are real diamonds. They contain the same type of carbon atoms arranged in the same crystal structure as natural diamonds found in the ground. That makes them different from diamond alternatives such as cubic zirconia, moissanite, and glass.
The confusion comes from what people mean by “real” and what sellers are allowed to call a diamond. Scientists recognize lab-grown diamonds as diamonds, but sellers must follow specific rules when describing them to customers.
This guide explains what lab-grown diamonds are, how they are used beyond jewelry, and how they differ from other man-made stones that may look like diamonds but are made from different materials.
What Makes a Diamond a Diamond
Diamond and graphite are both made entirely of carbon. What makes them different is how their carbon atoms are arranged.
In graphite, the atoms form flat layers. In diamond, each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms in a strong, repeating three-dimensional pattern called the diamond cubic lattice. This structure gives diamond many of its unique properties, including its exceptional hardness and ability to bend light.
The table below lists the main properties of diamond. These properties apply to both natural and lab-grown diamonds because they share the same basic crystal structure.
|
Property |
Diamond |
|
Composition |
Carbon (C) |
|
Hardness |
10 on the Mohs scale, the highest rating on the scale |
|
Refractive index |
2.417 |
|
Dispersion |
0.044 |
|
Density (specific gravity) |
3.52 |
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides information about diamond’s hardness and ability to conduct heat. The optical and density values come from standard gemology references.
According to the Gemological Institute of America (GIA), lab-grown diamonds have the same crystal structure as natural diamonds and nearly the same chemical, optical, and physical properties.
Why does GIA say “nearly the same” instead of “the same”? The answer lies in tiny imperfections and impurities inside the diamond. Natural and lab-grown diamonds form under different conditions, which can affect the characteristics of their crystals. Experts can detect these differences using specialized equipment, but they are generally not visible to the naked eye.
How Are Lab-Grown Diamonds Made?
Lab-grown diamonds are created using two main methods.
High-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT)
This method recreates the extreme heat and pressure found deep inside the Earth. A carbon source and a mixture of metals are placed in a powerful press, where the pressure reaches 5 - 6 GPa, and the temperature rises to 1,300 - 1,600°C. According to GIA, these conditions are comparable to those found roughly 150 - 190 kilometers underground, where natural diamonds can form.
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
CVD uses a different approach. A small diamond, called a diamond seed, is placed inside a chamber containing a carbon-rich gas under low pressure. Microwaves turn the gas into plasma, breaking down its molecules and releasing carbon. The carbon then settles on the diamond seed, building the crystal one layer at a time.
Both methods produce solid diamond crystals. The result is a real diamond, not simply a thin layer of diamond covering another material. For a more detailed explanation, read our guide on how lab-grown diamonds are made.
Is a Lab Grown Diamond a Real Diamond by Official Definitions?
Three main approaches are used to define and classify diamonds: science and gemology, US consumer-protection rules, and international trade standards. They recognize the same basic material but differ in how lab-grown diamonds should be described and sold.
In 2018, the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) revised its Jewelry Guides and removed the word “natural” from its definition of a diamond. However, sellers must still clearly disclose when a diamond is lab-grown.
The FTC also warns against using words such as “real,” “genuine,” or “natural” in ways that could mislead customers about a diamond’s origin or characteristics.
The international standard ISO 18323 takes a different approach. It treats the word “diamond” as referring to a natural diamond. Under this standard, lab-grown stones should be called “laboratory-grown diamonds” or “synthetic diamonds.” It also discourages terms such as “real” and “genuine” when describing synthetic diamonds.
At the same time, ISO defines a synthetic diamond as a man-made product with essentially the same chemical composition, crystal structure, and physical properties as a natural diamond. In short, “synthetic” describes how a diamond is made, not whether it is an imitation.
This is why the term “lab-grown diamond” is the clearest choice. It identifies the material used to create a diamond while making its origin clear. Rather than relying on words such as “real” or “genuine,” sellers can use precise labels that help customers understand what they are buying.
Beyond Jewelry: How Lab-Grown Diamonds Are Used
Diamonds are used for much more than jewelry. They also play an important role in manufacturing, electronics, and scientific research. In these applications, performance matters most. Whether a diamond is mined or made in a laboratory is less important than how well it does its job.
Lab-grown diamonds were originally developed for industrial and technological uses. According to the Gemological Institute of America (GIA), laboratory-grown diamonds were first produced in the 1950s, while gem-quality diamonds suitable for fine jewelry followed in the 1970s.
Cutting, Grinding, and Computer Chips
Diamonds that are not suitable for jewelry can still be valuable for industrial use. Their exceptional hardness makes them useful in cutting tools, grinding equipment, and other applications where durable materials are needed.
The US Geological Survey (USGS) reports that synthetic diamonds account for more than 99% of industrial diamond use worldwide. Global production of manufactured industrial diamonds exceeds 15 billion carats. The USGS also identifies computer chip manufacturing as one of the major industries that uses industrial diamonds.
Cooling Electronics and Handling Powerful Light
Diamond is an excellent conductor of heat. At room temperature, it transfers heat better than any other known material, making it useful for cooling powerful electronic components. Lab-grown diamonds made through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can be used near electronic components to carry heat away and help prevent overheating.
Element Six, a synthetic-diamond supplier, has reported that its CVD diamond materials can achieve thermal conductivity of 1,000 - 2,000 W/mK. The company has also developed large diamond windows measuring 71 - 80 millimeters across. These windows can withstand the high power levels needed to generate extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light, which is used to manufacture advanced computer chips.
Quantum Sensing
Lab-grown diamonds also have an important role in advanced scientific technologies, including quantum sensing. One key feature of lab-grown diamond is the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center. It forms when a nitrogen atom sits next to a space in the diamond’s crystal structure. This tiny defect can help scientists detect very small changes in magnetic fields and temperature.
A review of CVD diamonds for quantum sensing explains why CVD diamond is particularly useful for this work. The process of making CVD diamond allows scientists to control the amount of nitrogen in a diamond while keeping other unwanted impurities low. This is important because impurities can interfere with accurate measurements. At the time the review was published, the first industrial applications of diamond-based quantum sensors were beginning to emerge.
Why These Uses Matter
In industrial applications, diamonds are judged by how well they perform. They need to transfer heat efficiently, withstand intense light, or help scientists measure tiny changes in their surroundings.
Lab-grown diamonds are useful for these tasks because they have the same basic crystal structure as natural diamonds. Manufacturers can also control the impurities inside them, which is especially important for demanding applications such as quantum sensing.
Lab-grown diamonds are more than an alternative to mined diamonds in jewelry. They are valuable materials used in manufacturing, electronics, and scientific research.
How Laboratories Tell the Two Apart
A colorless lab-grown diamond can look exactly like a natural diamond. In many cases, you cannot tell the difference just by looking at them. To identify their origin, experts use specialized tests that reveal clues about how the diamonds formed.
Nitrogen: One Important Clue
Nitrogen is one of the main clues experts look for. Most natural diamonds contain small amounts of nitrogen trapped inside their crystal structure. Many colorless lab-grown diamonds contain little or no detectable nitrogen. These are known as Type II diamonds. Only about 1% of natural diamonds belong to this category.
Manufacturers have spent 10–15 years improving methods to reduce nitrogen in lab-grown diamonds.
When a colorless diamond contains little or no detectable nitrogen, experts carry out additional tests to determine whether it is natural or lab-grown. These tests include spectroscopy and special imaging tools, such as GIA’s DiamondView, which reveals patterns inside a diamond that provide clues about how it grew.
The key point is that lab-grown diamonds can have a different internal fingerprint from natural diamonds, even though both are real diamonds.
How Do Jewelers Identify Lab-Grown Diamonds?
GIA developed a device called the iD100 to help jewelers identify diamonds. This desktop instrument can screen a stone in under two seconds and help distinguish natural diamonds from lab-grown diamonds, diamond imitations, and certain treated stones.
Why Can a Basic Diamond Tester Be Misleading?
The handheld diamond testers commonly used in jewelry stores work differently. They measure how quickly heat travels through a stone.
Both natural and lab-grown diamonds conduct heat extremely well, so a basic heat tester will identify both as diamonds. However, it cannot tell whether a diamond formed naturally or was grown in a laboratory.
Some diamond alternatives, such as moissanite, can also pass a heat-only test. That is why combination testers check electrical properties as well as heat. For more details, read our guide on how to tell if a diamond is real.
What the Inscription and Grading Report Tell You
When a lab-grown diamond is graded by a major gemological laboratory, it receives a report that helps identify the stone. The diamond may also have a laser inscription on its girdle, the narrow edge around the stone. This inscription usually includes a report number and may identify the diamond as laboratory-grown.
The grading report provides more details, including how the diamond was grown (CVD or HPHT) and whether it was treated after growth. Color and clarity are graded using the same scales used for natural diamonds. However, the report makes clear that these grades do not mean a lab-grown diamond has the same rarity as a natural one.
Why Post-Growth Treatment Matters
Some lab-grown diamonds undergo additional treatment after they are created. For example, CVD diamonds may have a slight brown tint when they first grow. HPHT treatment can reduce or remove this color. GIA has reported an increase in CVD diamonds showing signs of this treatment.
Why You Should Check the Report Number
A grading report is useful only if it matches the diamond you are buying. In one case, GIA received a 3.078-carat CVD diamond with a laser inscription copied from a report originally issued for a natural diamond in 2018.
When GIA examined the stone, it found that the diamond’s color, clarity, and nitrogen levels did not match the original report. It also showed the layered growth pattern typical of CVD diamonds. GIA replaced the incorrect inscription and issued a new report identifying the stone as laboratory-grown.
To avoid similar problems, check the report number on the grading laboratory’s official website. For GIA reports, use GIA Report Check. Make sure the report details match the diamond’s inscription and characteristics. This simple check helps confirm that the report belongs to the stone you are considering.
Diamond-Like Coatings
Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is a special coating applied to metal parts. Like diamond, it contains carbon, but its atoms are arranged differently.
DLC contains a mixture of the types of atomic bonds found in diamond and graphite. Even forms of DLC that closely resemble diamond contain around 50 - 90% diamond-type bonds. In a true diamond, almost all the bonds are of the diamond type.
The key difference is that two materials can contain the same element without being the same material. Carbon can form very different substances depending on how its atoms are arranged.
What Does “Real” Really Tell You?
Calling a lab-grown diamond a real diamond answers one question: Is it actually a diamond? But there are three other things to consider: rarity, price, and resale value.
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Rarity: Natural diamonds formed deep inside the Earth over millions or even billions of years, and their supply is limited.
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Price: Lab-grown diamonds cost less than natural diamonds of similar size and quality.
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Resale Value: Lab-grown diamonds have lower resale values than natural diamonds. However, estimates vary widely depending on the source, so it is worth being cautious about any single figure.
Our guide to lab-grown vs. natural diamonds explores these differences in more detail, while our guide on whether lab-grown diamonds are worth it takes a closer look at their value.
What to Check Before You Buy
The important thing when buying a lab-grown diamond is to make sure its details are accurate. Check the grading report and laser inscription to confirm that they match the stone. After that, focus on the diamond’s cut quality and whether you prefer a lab-grown or natural diamond. To see how lab-grown diamonds look in finished jewelry, explore Diagaa’s lab-grown diamond collection.
